Glossary

GLOSSARY

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

ANIMAL BASED NATURAL FIBERS

Animal based natural fibers are derived from animals. Examples include wool from sheep or silk from silkworms.

ARTIFICIAL SILK / RAYON

is often used as a synonym for viscose. See viscose.
Shop Viscose for women
Shop Viscose for men

BEAM DYEING

In beam dyeing, the fabric is wrapped around a roller and the dye is pressed through the fabric from the inside under pressure. This dyeing method is gentle on the surface of the fabric as it causes less stress. The process is only used for non-elastic fabrics, as elastic fabrics stretch differently. In addition, moiré effects often occur with viscose, for example.

BLEACHING

Natural fibers like cotton or wool are not naturally pure white, which is why they are bleached with hydrogen peroxide. This way the yellow undertone vanishes and the result is a pure white. When dyeing the fabric later on, the intended colour can be achieved more easily.

BLENDS

A blend is a fabric composition made out of different fibers. Both natural fibers and chemical fibers can be mixed with both natural and chemical fibers. Examples of blends are wool and silk or elastane and cotton. The new fabric composition usually integrates all the advantages of all the base fibers mixed into the blend.

BOURRETTE SILK

is made from the remains of the combed top layer of the cocoon. The fibers are spun coarsely. Bourrette silk has many nubs and is dull.

CASHMERE

Obtained from the cashmere goat, it is considered the most luxurious wool. The goats are not shorn, but combed once a year. Only the undercoat is used, which is a particularly soft and supple material.
Shop Cashmere for women
Shop Cashmere for men

CELLULOSE FIBERS

Cellulose fibers are produced out of the natural commodity wood. Cellulose is changed from natural polymers to spinning mass and consequently spun to cellulose fibers. They belong to the group of chemical fibers, but are not synthetic fibers. Examples are viscose, Tencel, and Modal.

CHAMBRAY

Chambray is woven in a plain weave. It is typically a lightweight cotton or linen fabric with coloured weft threads, often checked or striped.

CHEMICAL FIBRES

The raw material for the production of cellulose fibres is the natural product wood (e.g. spruce and beech). Cellulose is converted from natural polymers into a spinning mass and then spun into fibres. Examples of cellulose fibres are modal and viscose. Cellulose fibres are not synthetic fibres. Synthetic fibres are produced purely chemically; they are artificially spun from synthetic molecules. Examples of synthetic fibres are polyester, polyamide and elastane.

CIRCULAR KNITTING MACHINE

produces a tube in upper body length, in order to achieve seamless fabrics. For each size there has to be a different machine.

COMBING

Combing is a finishing technique that is only used on raw fibres, not on yarns, twisted yarns or fabrics. Combing should result in an even and firm surface. Technical process: The cotton fibres are combed. This separates the short fibres and aligns the long ones. Only then are the fibres spun into yarn (approx. 15% to 18% of the cotton fibres are combed out).

CORE YARN

is a yarn with an elastic core, for example a cotton yarn with an elastane core.

COTTON

Cotton is a natural plant fibre obtained from the cotton plant. Cotton is not processed in its raw state, but is first spun into threads.
Shop 100% Cotton for women
Shop 100% Cotton for men

CUPRO

Cupro, also known as ‘copper silk’, is a pure regenerated cellulose fibre produced from cotton linter using a stretch spinning process. Cupro is characterised by a silky-soft feel combined with a subtle sheen. The material is breathable, quickly absorbs moisture, regulates temperature and is therefore pure comfort on the skin. A material born in nature and biodegradable.

DEGUMMING

is the production process of various silk qualities. The raw silk yarn is degummed by boiling it in a soap bath. The more the silk is degummed, the glossier the silk appears and the higher the perceived quality.

DTEX

Dtex are decitex, where 1 dtex corresponds to 1 gram per 10,000 meters of yarn. See Tex.

DYEING

Dyeing can be carried out at almost every stage of the textile processing chain: fibres, yarns, fabric panels or finished products. A wide variety of dyeing methods are used depending on the raw material. At HANRO, the quality of the colours, colour fastness and colour brilliance are key factors in the design and appearance of each collection.

ELASPAN

is a very elastic chemical fiber yarn. It is often used for plating elastic fabrics.

ELASTANE

is a synthetic fiber which is often mixed with other fibers in order to increase their elasticity. By mixing elastane into the blend, the fabric gains an increased rebound force and therefore keeps its shape.

ENKA ® VISCOSE

The viscose used in our Basic Satin Deluxe series (as well as various trend series made from the same base material) is the finest viscose on the market (E50, 50 needles per inch), manufactured by ENKA®. ENKA® uses only cellulose obtained from sustainable forestry, which has been certified as a ‘Responsible Fiber’ by the Fairtrade organisation and is produced in Germany and Poland.

EYELET EMBROIDERY

also called broderie anglaise is a form of embroidery where patterns are embroidered onto cotton fabrics. Then, holes (called eyelets) are cut out, the eyelets being part of the pattern. At the end the bands are embroidered again. The result is a beautiful and noble look. It is often used for light nightwear.

FABRIC MANUFACTURING

A basic distinction can be made between knitted and woven fabrics. In knitted fabrics, loops are formed by interlocking threads. This creates stitches that are made up of one or more threads. In woven fabrics, the fabric is produced by crossing two sets of threads.

FILAMENT SILK

is retrieved from the short fibers of the top layer of the cocoon. As the top layer cannot be unrolled, it has to be plucked off and combed. The resulting silk resembles naturally colored cotton.

FINE RIB

is a knitted fabric with a fine rightright binding. Thus, on both sides of the fabric alternating right and left meshes are visible. Fine rib has a high elasticity, so it nestles perfectly to the body and adapts to movement. That is why fine rib is especially suited for undergarments.

FRENCH TERRY

Knitted fabric. One side is flat, firm and brushed (usually on the outside), while the other (usually on the inside) has the usual looped appearance. Thicker and heavier than jersey, but with a fine surface texture (on the outside). Particularly suitable for sweatshirts.

FULLY FASHION TECHNOLOGY

With fully fashion technology, the item comes out of the machine as a finished product, including knitted seams and waistbands. No cutting is necessary anymore – the only thing left to do is attach finishing details like strap adjusters.

GASSING / SINGEING

Only used on yarns, twisted yarns and fabrics, not on raw fibres. The aim is to achieve an evenly smooth surface. During gassing, the protruding fibre ends of the yarn are burned off over a flame. During singeing, the protruding fibres are burned off the finished fabric. This results in a smoother surface and increased strength of the material.

GAUGE

The gauge indicates how many needles are used to knit one English inch (= 2.54 cm). The finest gauge, E 50, therefore means 50 needles (= 50 stitches) per inch, which in turn results in a needle size of 5 mm. The gauge and the quality of the knitted yarn are decisive for the quality and appearance of the fabric.

GAUZE

Gauze, is a lightweight, translucent fabric. Double gauze or muslin is made by placing two layers of fabric on top of each other and weaving them together at specific points. This creates a loose, slightly transparent, fine fabric with a soft feel. Muslin is breathable and gentle on the skin. Gauze can also be made from silk, but is mainly made from cotton.

GIZA COTTON

Giza cotton is grown in the Nile Valley in Egypt. It has particularly long fibres measuring 33–38 mm and an exceptionally fine micronaire value. These values show that all Giza qualities are particularly high-quality cotton, thanks to the ideal climate for cotton cultivation around the Nile Delta.
Shop Giza Cotton for men

GLOSSY SILK

is one hundred percent degummed silk. One of the most expensive types of silk, it is commonly woven into atlas silk, silk damask, or duchess silk.

G.O.T.S. (Global Organic Textile Standard)

Our production site has been certified according to the latest G.O.T.S. (Global Organic Textile Standard) sustainability standards.

GRS-CERTIFIED RECYCLED FIBRES

The GRS is an international, voluntary, comprehensive product standard that sets requirements for the independent certification of recycled materials, the product chain of social and environmental practices, and chemical restrictions. GRS-certified recycled fibres are obtained through upcycling from old clothes or industrial waste. The sustainable yarn produced from this reduces the spinning and dyeing process, thereby guaranteeing savings in water and energy. It is manufactured in an ethical, ecologically responsible production system.

GUIPURE EMROIDERY

In guipure embroidery (also known as etched embroidery), a motif is embroidered onto a base fabric (e.g. cotton or viscose yarn on synthetic fabric). The base fabric is then dissolved. This is a very complex process, which makes the embroidery precious and expensive. A wide variety of looks are possible, e.g. textured looks, graphic patterns and delicate, fine embroidery.

HIGH-GRADE FINISHING

is used as a collective term for the finishing of textiles made from plant fibers, cellulose fibers, or their blends. In most cases synthetic resin is used to reduce the swelling of the fibers. This way the textile becomes more stable in form, develops higher crease resistance, and dries faster.

HOLE EMBROIDERY

Hole embroidery, also known as broderie anglaise, is a subcategory of Madeira embroidery. Motifs are embroidered onto cotton fabrics, then the holes are punched or drilled out – the resulting holes form part of the motif. Finally, the ribbons are embroidered again. The result is a beautiful, elegant look – HANRO likes to use this embroidery on light and airy nightwear.

INTERLOCK

is a fine double-faced circular knitted fabric that has right meshes on both sides. Interlock has a dense mesh structure and great form stability and is less elastic than fine rib. Therefore it is especially suited for nightwear.

JACQUARDTRONIC LACE

is a Raschel lace. The lace is produced on Raschel machines, with an additional Jacquard fixture. This way several varying patterns can be produced.

KNITTED FABRIC

Knitwear is divided into knitted and woven fabrics, which are made from one or more threads. The result is a piece of fabric whose threads are connected to each other with loops. Knitted and woven fabrics look the same and have the same properties; they only differ in how they are made. Compared to woven fabrics, knitwear is elastic and stretchy, fits snugly to the body and is much less prone to creasing.

KNITTING

Knitting is the process of producing textile mesh structures from yarns by interlacing threads, whereby the stitches in a row are formed one after the other. HANRO has its own knitting facility, and the fabrics are produced in Austria. In order to deliver the highest quality end products, HANRO uses innovative technologies for its knitting. With fully fashion technology, the article comes out of the machine as a finished product, including knitted waistbands. This means that no cutting is required. Final finishing details, such as the straps, are carried out afterwards.
Shop Knitting & Embroidery for women

LEAVERS LACE

is a particularly fine and delicate lace. Thus, only fine yarns are used. This particular lace is only produced on old looms in the north of France.

LEAVERTRONIC

is a type of lace developed by Weberlace. It is produced on especially adapted versions of Jacquardtronic machines and using special yarns. Leavertronic comes pretty close to Leavers lace in look and quality, and is a lower-price, more commercial option. Leavertronic is a registered brand.

LENZING™ ECOVERO™

ECOVERO™ comes from the Lenzing company. LENZING™ ECOVERO™ viscose fibres are made exclusively from certified and controlled wood sources and produced with significantly less fossil energy and water than generic viscose. They are certified with the internationally recognised EU Ecolabel. This label for environmental awareness is only awarded to products and services that have a significantly lower environmental impact throughout their entire life cycle: from raw material extraction to manufacturing, distribution and disposal. Viscose is characterised by a silky feel and subtle sheen.

LINEN

Linen is made from flax and is therefore a natural fibre based on cellulose. The manufacturing process is very complex. Linen absorbs up to 35% humidity and quickly exchanges this moisture with the environment. It therefore has a cooling effect, but is still dry and insulating, making it ideal for summer clothing. Linen fibre is very tear-resistant but has low elasticity and is therefore prone to creasing. However, the material scores points with its natural shine and stability.
Shop Linen for women
Shop Linen for men

LYCRA

is a highly elastic synthetic fiber, which belongs to the group of elastane fibers. Lycra is exclusively used in blends, e.g. as a blend with the main fiber polyamide. The proportion of the Lycra fiber in blends varies between 18 and 25 percent. Lycra blend fibers have the characteristic of being highly elastic in the length.

LYOCELL

Another name for Tencel. See Tencel & Tencel Lyocell.
Shop TENCEL™ for women
Shop TENCEL™ for men

MADE IN GREEN by OEKO-TEX®

Some of our products are MADE IN GREEN by OEKO-TEX® certified. This means that these products have been produced in an environmentally friendly factory and in safe and socially responsible workplaces. The MADE IN GREEN label also gives consumers the assurance that the textile product is made from materials that have been tested for harmful substances. In other words: - Tested for harmful substances - Produced in environmentally friendly facilities - Produced in safe and socially responsible workplaces - Traceable supply chain.
Shop MADE IN GREEN by OEKO-TEX® for women
Shop MADE IN GREEN by OEKO-TEX® for men

MERCERIZATION

Mercerisation is a finishing technique used on cotton yarns, twisted yarns and fabrics. The aim of mercerisation is to achieve an even smoother and shinier surface and increased strength. Process: Yarns, twisted yarns or entire fabric panels are soaked in caustic soda and stretched, causing the cotton fibres to swell and the internal structure and cross-section of the fibres to change. The cross-section becomes round and the twists disappear. NEXT GENERATION – Soft mercerisation: HANRO developed the world's first machine for the soft mercerisation of cotton. This special finishing process gives HANRO's high-quality fabrics their exceptional softness and special shine.
Shop Mercerised Cotton for women
Shop Mercerised Cotton for men

MERINO WOOL

Merino wool is the finely curled undercoat of Merino sheep, which are mainly bred in Australia and New Zealand. It is pure new wool and therefore wool of the highest quality. Merino wool is particularly suitable for undergarments.
Shop Merino Wool for women
Shop Merino Wool for men

MERYL

Microfiber made out of polyamide. Due to the fiber type and the fabric structure fabrics made out of Meryl are water-resistant and windproof, while having a soft and flowy feel.

MESH SPACING

shows how many needles are used in one inch (= 2.54 cm). The finest mesh spacing E50 therefore shows that in one inch 50 needles (= 50 meshes) are used for the knitting, which in return indicates a needle size of 5 mm. The mesh spacing and the quality of the used yarn are two of the most important indicators for the quality of the fabric.

MICROFIBRE

Microfibres are fibres with a fineness of less than 1 dtex, meaning that 10,000 m of such a microfibre weigh a maximum of 1 g.

MICRONAIRE VALUE

is used to define the fineness of cotton. The micronaire scale has the categories 2 to 8, where 2 defines the finest value and 8 the coarsest fiber. The following applies: below 3 is a very fine fabric, 3 to 3.9 is a fine fabric, 4 to 4.9 is average, 5 to 5.9 is slightly coarse, and everything above 6 is coarse.

MILK FIBRE

Milk fibre is naturally sourced and obtained using an environmentally friendly process. It has a super soft, silky and therefore skin-friendly surface and is antibacterial as well as temperature and moisture regulating.

MODAL

is a cellulose fiber, related to viscose. Modal is often mixed into a blend with cotton, wool, or polyester. What makes Modal so special is that it adds incredible softness, smoothness, and a glossy look to the fabric.
Shop Modal for women

MOLDING

Molding involves shaping a fabric into a three-dimensional form using heated metal molds. This technique allows shapes to be created without seams.

MOULDED CUPS

Moulded bra cups are thermoplastically preformed using heat and permanently pressed into a bust shape. Moulded cups have no annoying seams, so they do not show through tight outer garments.

MUSLIN

Muslin, gauze or cheesecloth is a lightweight, translucent fabric with a plain weave. Double gauze or muslin is made by placing two layers of this gauze against each other and weaving them together at specific points, which makes the material less transparent. The result is a loose, fine fabric with a soft feel. Muslin is breathable and skin-friendly. Muslin can also be made from silk, but nowadays it is mainly made from cotton.

NATURAL ANIMAL FIBRES

are obtained from animals. Examples: Wool from sheep and goats or silk from silkworms.

NATURAL FIBERS

As the name suggests, natural fibres are obtained from plants. Examples of such materials are cotton and linen. Animal fibres, on the other hand, are obtained from animals, such as wool from sheep and goats or silk from silkworms.

ORGANIC COTTON

is GMO-free. No fertilisers or pesticides are used in its cultivation, and only half as much water is used as for conventional cotton.
Shop Organic Cotton for women
Shop Organic Cotton for men

PIMA COTTON

Pima cotton is a type of cotton with extra-long fibres measuring 35 mm. Fabrics made from Pima cotton are therefore particularly soft, durable and less prone to pilling than conventional cotton products.
Shop Pima Cotton for women
Shop Pima Cotton for men

PLAIN WEAVE

is a type of weave where the weft and warp thread are especially tightly crossed. Each warp thread is alternatively placed above or below a weft thread. The visual appearance of the surface is identical on both sides of the fabric.

PLANT-BASED NATURAL FIBRES

Plant-based natural fibres are obtained from plants. Examples: cotton and linen.

POLYAMIDE

Polyamide is a synthetic fibre that is particularly characterised by its durability. It is often mixed with other fibres such as cotton, wool, etc. The advantages of adding polyamide are greater durability and ease of care.

POLYESTER

Polyester is a synthetic fiber that is often mixed with other fibers and turned into a blend. Advantages of using polyester in blends are fineness and lightness.

RASCHEL LACE

Raschel lace is a lace produced on a Raschel machine. Usually it is coarser and therefore also cheaper than Leavers lace.

RAW SILK

is the name for the silk thread that can easily be unrolled from the cocoon. The silk does not shine and is not smooth, but is very strong. By degumming the raw silk various silk types and qualities can be achieved.

SATIN

Satin is a fabric woven in an atlas weave. It typically has a highly lustrous, very smooth upper surface and a matt underside. Continuous fibres such as silk, viscose or polyester are often preferred, as these can further enhance the lustre. Satin has a smooth and flowing look.

SEA ISLAND COTTON

Sea Island cotton is grown in the British West Indies, has a staple length of more than 50 mm and is picked exclusively by hand. Its production accounts for only 0.0004% of global cotton production.
Shop Sea Island Cotton for men

SEAMLESS TECHNOLOGY

produces products without seams. This can be achieved by using circular knitting machines, where there has to be a different machine for each size, as the machine produces a tube in the length of the upper body.

SEWING THREADS

A twisted yarn is created by twisting at least two single yarns together. The more the twists are twisted, the smoother and more closed the textile surface becomes. The advantages of twisted yarns are increased tensile strength, stronger binding of the fibre and thus a reduction in the pilling effect and the fact that irregular yarns can be made more uniform.

SILK

Silk is a natural animal fibre produced by processing the silk thread spun by silkworms. The silk threads come from the cocoon, which is built by silkworms to transform themselves into butterflies. A finished cocoon consists of 800 m of continuous silk thread. HANRO uses silk from the real spinner, mulberry silk. The products are made from completely debarked silk thread. The silk used by HANRO is produced in Europe.
Shop Silk for women
Shop Silk for men

SINGEING

The finishing technique of singeing is only used on finished fabrics. It involves burning off the protruding fibres on the finished fabric. The aim is to smooth the surface of the material and increase its strength.

SINGLE JERSEY

is a knitted fabric that has a subtle right-left binding. Thus, on the right side of the fabric only right meshes are visible, while on the left side only left meshes are visible. Single jersey has a very fine surface appearance.

SIRO YARN

Also known as ‘false twist’, as two pre-spun yarns are simply twisted together. Siro yarn has a softer feel than normal yarn and is therefore well suited for underwear. It also causes less pilling. At the same time, Siro yarn is softer than twisted yarn and gives a more attractive finish. Finally, Siro yarn also has the advantage of being cheaper than twisted yarn (but more expensive than single yarn).

SPACER

Spacer material is a lightweight, breathable mesh made of two layers of fabric with a tiny gap between them to create a three-dimensional honeycomb effect. This ensures that the bra cups retain their shape well and improves air circulation.
Shop Spacer Bras

STANDARD 100 by OEKO-TEX®

Our dyeing and knitting facility in Vorarlberg, Austria, is STeP by OEKO-TEX® certified, which means it's committed to socially responsible and safe working conditions and environmentally friendly production. Our sewing facilities in Portugal, Hungary (expected in autumn 2022) and Bulgaria are also STeP by OEKO-TEX® certified, which is a prerequisite for MADE IN GREEN by OEKO-TEX®.

STAPLE LENGTH

The staple length is the average length of all fibres contained in a sample.

STeP by OEKO-TEX®

Our products are STANDARD 100 by OEKO-TEX® certified. This is the most important certificate for textiles that come into contact with the skin. All components of a product comply with the strict OEKO-TEX® test criteria: fabrics, sewing threads, inserts and prints as well as non-textile accessories such as buttons or zips. We select our suppliers according to balanced economic, ecological and social criteria, and OEKO-TEX® certification is a prerequisite.

SUPIMA COTTON

is a registered brand. The cotton is essentially Pima cotton which is guaranteed to have been grown and harvested in the US.

SUPREME GREEN COTTON®

is grown in Greece on family-run cotton farms. The certified cotton is GMO-free and requires 40% less water thanks to modern drip irrigation.

SYNTHETIC FIBERS

Synthetic fibers are produced purely chemically and are artificially spun from synthetic molecules. Examples: Polyester, polyamide and elastane.

S&Z YARN

is the product of the enmeshing of an S-yarn and a Z-yarn. By enmeshing these two the twisting of the fabric can be minimized.

TACTEL®

TACTEL® is a unique 2-layer fabric construction for high demands that maximises sensory and physiological comfort. The inner TACTEL® layer transports moisture towards the absorbent, fine-threaded outer TACTEL® layer, where it evaporates efficiently.

TENCEL™

TENCEL™ is a Lenzing brand and includes sustainable solutions such as TENCEL™ Lyocell and TENCEL™ Modal made from cellulose fibres of botanic origin. These define a new standard in sustainability and natural comfort. TENCEL™ cellulose fibres, which are obtained from the renewable raw material wood, are produced in an environmentally friendly manufacturing process. Wood and pulp from the Lenzing Group come from near-natural forests and sustainably managed plantations. TENCEL™ fibres are biodegradable and compostable and can therefore be fully returned to nature.
Shop TENCEL™ for women
Shop TENCEL™ for men

TENCEL™ LYOCELL

TENCEL™ Lyocell fibres are known for their natural comfort and environmentally conscious manufacturing process with a closed cycle. They stand for efficient moisture management and give the skin a cool and dry feeling - day and night. Other advantages of TENCEL™ Lyocell are its flowing, supple drape and stretchability.

TENCEL™ MODAL

TENCEL™ Modal fibres are exceptionally gentle on the skin and are known for their exceptional smoothness and softness. Blended with other fibres, such as cotton, wool or polyester, modal fibres modal fibres increase the overall comfort of textiles. TENCEL™ Modal fibres are obtained from naturally growing beech wood through an ecologically responsible integrated pulp-to-fibre process.

TEX

The yarn count is measured internationally in Tex (tex), this unit has replaced the old units denier (den), metric number (Nm) and English number (Ne). However, the old units are still used in large parts of the textile industry. In Germany and Switzerland, tex is the legal unit for specifying the length-related mass of textile fibres and yarns, i.e. it is not generally permitted for quotients of the form mass by length. 1 tex means 1 gram per 1,000 metres.

TEXTRONIC LACE

Textronic lace is produced by machines by means of the Jacquard process (weave technique). The usage of different yarns is possible. Furthermore, the creation of different motifs is possible by using a raised pattern thread (similar to embroidery).

TULLE EMBROIDERY

In tulle embroidery, motifs are embroidered onto elastic or non-elastic tulle fabrics using different embroidery stitches, e.g. lace embroidery, leaf embroidery. This is one of the longest-used manufacturing processes in the textile industry and is very popular. Different motifs are possible. HANRO likes to use tulle embroidery for trend collections.

TWINE

also called a twisted thread, twist, or twisted yarn. A twine is produced by twisting a minimum of two yarns. The harder the twine is twisted, the smoother and more closed the surface. Advantages of twine include increased robustness, a reduced pilling effect, and a more even structure.

VISCOSE

Viscose is the oldest cellulose fibre and is often used as a substitute for the expensive raw material silk, which is why viscose is often referred to as ‘artificial silk’. Like cotton, the finished fibres consist of 90 % cellulose and are therefore almost exclusively plant-based. Sawdust from beech or spruce wood is boiled with the addition of chemicals to obtain cellulose. From an optical point of view, the fabrics can be designed differently. Wool and cotton as well as silk and even linen looks are possible.
Shop Viscose for women
Shop Viscose for men

WARP KNITTED / WARP KNITTED FABRICS

Many threads and just as many needles are used in warp knitted fabrics. All needles are moved together, but the needles not only grip the same thread, but also the neighbouring threads alternately. This causes the stitches to run at a slight angle. This makes the fabric more durable, as it is resistant to running stitches, but also slightly less pliable. Example of knitted fabric in our basic collection: Allure.

WEAVING /WOVEN

Weaving is one of the oldest techniques for producing textile fabrics, in which at least two thread systems, the warp (warp thread) and the weft (weft thread), are crossed at right angles.
Shop Woven for women

WEFT KNITS

Knitting uses only one thread system, but many needles. The thread is always pulled through the next row of stitches. Knitted fabrics are not run-resistant. This makes the fabric slightly more pliable. Woven fabrics, on the other hand, are run-resistant, i.e. more durable, but also less elastic.

WOOL

Wool is a natural, animal fibre obtained from sheep and goats. HANRO often uses wool as a material mix, e.g. with wool and silk. By using particularly high-quality wool such as merino and cashmere, HANRO products made of wool are softer and more supple than conventional wool products, and the typical ‘felting’ of wool can be avoided because ‘felt-free’ wool is used.

YARNS

A yarn is a long, thin structure made from one or more fibres. It is a textile intermediate product that is subsequently processed further. To produce yarn, staple fibres pressed into bales are loosened and spun by twisting them together, among other processes. Different spinning processes are used depending on the type of fibre and the desired yarn properties. The number of yarn twists determines the softness, tensile strength and abrasion resistance of the yarn.

SHOP FINE MATERIALS BY HANRO

DISCOVER MATERIALS FOR WOMEN

DISCOVER MATERIALS FOR MEN

In this glossary you will find all important terms from the textile industry of A-Z explained.

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

ANIMAL FIBERS
Animal fibers are derived fromanimals. Examples include wool from sheep or silk from silkworms.
German: tierische Naturfasern

B

BEAM DYEING
is a special form of dyeing fabrics, only used on inelastic fabrics. The fabric is wrapped around a barrel and the dye is pushed into the beam through the fabric by applying pressure. This method of dyeing is very gentle and therefore puts less strain on the surface. However, it is not used on elastic fabrics as different spreading can appear. Additionally, for fabrics like viscose moiré effects appear when dyeing it in the beam.
German: Baumfärben

BLEACHING
Natural fibers like cotton or wool are not naturally pure white, which is why they are bleached. This way the yellow undertone vanishes and the result is a pure white. When dyeing the fabric later on, the intended colour can be achieved more easily.
German: Bleichen

BLENDS
A blend is a fabric composition made out of different fibers. Both natural fibers and chemical fibers can be mixed with both natural
and chemical fibers. Examples of blends are wool and silk or elastane and cotton. The new fabric composition usually integrates all the advantages of all the base fibers mixed into the blend.
German: Mischfasern/Mischgewebe

CASHMERE
is harvested from the cashmere goat. The goats are not sheared, but rather combed once a year. Thus, only the undercoat, which is particularly soft and supple material, is used.
German: Kaschmirwolle

CELLULOSE FIBERS
Cellulose fibers are produced out of the natural commodity wood. Cellulose is changed from natural polymers to spinning mass and consequently spun to cellulose fibers. They belong to the group of chemical fibers, but are not synthetic f ibers. Examples are viscose, Tencel, and Modal.
German: Zellulosefasern

CHEMICAL FI BERS
Chemical fibers – also called man-made fibers – include all non-natural fibers. A differentiation can be made between cellulose fibers and synthetic fibers.
German: Chemische Fasern

CIRCULAR KNIT TING MACHINE
produces a tube in upper body length, in order to achieve seamless fabrics. For each size there has to be a different machine.
German: Rundstrickmaschine

COMBING
Combing is a f inishing technology only applied to raw fibers. The aimed result is a more even and robust surface. This is because, when the fibers are combed, the short fibers are naturally combed out and the long fibers aligned.
German: Kämmen

CORE YARN
is a yarn with an elastic core, for example a cotton yarn with an elastane core.
German: Coregarn

COTTON
Cotton is a plant fiber which is retrieved from the cotton plant. Cotton cannot be processed raw, but first has to be spun into threads.
German: Baumwolle

DEGUMMING
is the production process of various silk qualities. The raw silk yarn is degummed by boiling it in a soap bath. The more the silk is degummed, the glossier the silk appears and the higher the perceived quality.
German: Entbasten

DTEX
Dtex are decitex, where 1 dtex corresponds to 1 gram per 10,000 meters of yarn. See Tex.

DYEING
Depending on the type of fabric, different dyeing processes are applied. Dyeing is possible in nearly all steps of the textile production chain.
German: Färben

E

ELASPAN
is a very elastic chemical fiber yarn. It is often used for plating elastic fabrics.

ELASTANE
is a synthetic fiber which is often mixed with other fibers in order to increase their elasticity. By mixing elastane into the blend, the fabric
gains an increased rebound force and therefore keeps its shape.
German: Elasthan

EYELET EMBROIDERY
also called broderie anglaise is a form of embroidery where patterns are embroidered onto cotton fabrics. Then, holes (called eyelets)
are cut out, the eyelets being part of the pattern. At the end the bands are embroidered again. The result is a beautiful and noble look. It is often used for light nightwear.
German: Lochstickerei

F

FINE RIB
is a knitted fabric with a fine rightright binding. Thus, on both sides of the fabric alternating right and left meshes are visible. Fine rib has a high elasticity, so it nestles perfectly to the body and adapts to movement. That is why fine rib is especially suited for undergarments.
German: Feinripp

FLOSS SILK
is retrieved from the short fibers of the top layer of the cocoon. As the top layer cannot be unrolled, it has to be plucked off and combed. The
resulting silk resembles naturally colored cotton.
German: Florettseide

FULLY FASHION TECHNOLOGY
The finished product is produced by this one machine, including knitted seams and bands. No cutting is necessary anymore – the only thing
left to do is attach finishing details like strap adjusters.
German: Fully-Fashion-Technologie

G

GUIPURE EMROIDERY
A pattern is embroidered onto a base fabric, for example cotton yarn on a synthetic fabric. Then the yarn is dissolved. The production
process is very extensive and therefore the embroidery is very expensive and luxurious. Various options of looks like graphic patterns, structural patterns, or subtle patterns are possible.
German: Guipure-Stickerei

GASSING
is a f inishing technology only applied to yarns and twines. The goal is an even surface. The fibers which are standing out are burned off with a controlled flame.
German: Gasieren

GIZA COTTON
is only cultivated in the Nile Valley in Egypt and is harvested exclusively by hand. The exceptionally long fiber length of 33–38 mm and the exceptionally fine micronaire value of <3.2 makes this fiber especially soft.

GLOSSY SILK
is one hundred percent degummed silk. One of the most expensive types of s ilk, it is commonly woven into atlas silk and silk damask.
German: Glanzseide

HIGH-GRADE FINISHING
is used as a collective term for the finishing of textiles made from plant fibers, cellulose fibers, or their blends. In most cases synthetic resin is used to reduce the swelling of the fibers. This way the textile becomes more stable in form, develops higher crease resistance, and dries faster.
German: Hochveredelung

I

INTERLOCK
is a f ine double-faced circular knitted fabric that has right meshes on both sides. Interlock has a dense mesh structure and great form stability and is less elastic than fine rib. Therefore it is especially suited for nightwear.

J

JACQUARDTRONIC LACE
is a Raschel lace. The lace is produced on Raschel machines, with an additional Jacquard fixture. This way several varying patterns can be produced.
German: Jaquardtronic-Spitze

K

KNITTING
is the production of textile fabric out of yarn. The fabric consists of rows of meshes, a mesh being made out of the enlaced yarns.
German: Strickerei

L

LEAVERS LACE
is a particularly fine and delicate lace. Thus, only fine yarns are used. This particular lace is only produced on old looms in the south of France.
German: Leavers-Spitze

LEAVERTRONIC
is a t ype of lace developed by Weberlace. It is produced on especially adapted versions of Jacquardtronic machines and using special yarns. Leavertronic comes pretty close to Leavers lace in look and quality, and is a lower-price, more commercial option. Leavertronic is a registered brand.

LYCRA
is a highly elastic synthetic fiber, which belongs to the group of elastane fibers. Lycra is exclusively used in blends, e.g. as a blend with the main fiber polyamide. The proportion of the Lycra fiber in blends varies between 18 and 25 percent. Lycra blend fibers have the characteristic of being highly elastic in the length.

LYOCELL
Another name for Tencel. See Tencel.

M

MERCERIZATION
is a f inishing technology used on yarns, twines, and fabrics. The goal of mercerization is an even and shiny surface with an improved robustness. The yarns, twines, or whole fabric panels are soaked in caustic soda, the cotton fibers start swelling, and the inner
structure as well as the transverse section change. The result is that light is reflected from all sides, the mercerized material receives an
even and shiny surface, and robustness is improved. The shiny surface remains after multiple washes and the mercerized cotton can be dyed
more easily than untreated cotton.
German: Merzerisierung

MERINO WOOL
is the slightly crimped undercoat of the merino sheep. Only pure new wool is used, to ensure a wool of the highest quality. Merino wool is
especially suited for undergarments.

MERYL
Microfiber made out of polyamide. Due to the fiber type and the fabric structure fabrics made out of Meryl are water-resistant and windproof,
while having a soft and flowy feel.

MESH SPACING
shows how many needles are used in one inch (= 2.54 cm). The finest mesh spacing E50 therefore shows that in one inch 50 needles (= 50
meshes) are used for the knitting, which in return indicates a needle size of 5 mm. The mesh spacing and the quality of the used yarn
are two of the most important indicators for the quality of the fabric.
German: Maschenteilung

MICRONAIRE VALUE
is used to define the fineness of cotton. The micronaire scale has the categories 2 to 8, where 2 defines the finest value and 8 the coarsest
fiber. The following applies: below 3 is a very fine fabric, 3 to 3.9 is a fine fabric, 4 to 4.9 is average, 5 to 5.9 is slightly coarse, and everything
above 6 is coarse.
German: Micronairewert

MODAL
is a cellulose fiber, related to viscose. Modal is often mixed into a blend with cotton, wool, or polyester. What makes Modal so special is that it adds incredible softness, smoothness, and a glossy look to the fabric.

N

NATURAL FIBERS
Natural fibers are fibers which are collected either from plants or animals. Therefore, natural fibers can be divided into plant fibers and animal fibers.
German: Naturfasern

P

PIMA COTTON
is a t ype of cotton that has an especially long staple length and is only harvested by hand. This makes yarns and fabrics made out of Pima cotton super-soft, durable, and more pilling resistant than common cotton yarns.

PL AIN WEAVE
is a t ype of weave where the weft and warp thread are especially tightly crossed. Each warp thread is alternatively placed above or below a weft thread. The visual appearance of the surface is identical on both sides of the fabric.
German: Leinwandbindung

PLANT FI BERS
Plant fibers are extracted from plants. Examples include linen and cotton.
German: pflanzliche Naturfasern

POLYAMIDE
is a synthetic fiber which is particularly known for its durability. Polyamide can often be found in blends with other fibers like cotton or wool. By mixing polyamide into a blend, the fabric gains durability and becomes easier to care for.
German: Polyamid

POLYESTER
Polyester is a synthetic fiber that is often mixed with other fibers and turned into a blend. Advantages
of using polyester in blends are fineness and lightness.

R

RASCHEL LACE
Raschel lace is a lace produced on a Raschel machine. Usually it is coarser and therefore also cheaper than Leavers lace.
German: Raschel-Spitze

RAW SI LK
is the name for the silk thread that can easily be unrolled from the cocoon. The silk does not shine and is not smooth, but is very strong. By degumming the raw silk various silk types and qualities can be achieved.
German: Rohseide

S

S&Z YARN
is the product of the enmeshing of an S-yarn and a Z-yarn. By enmeshing these two the twisting of the fabric can be minimized.
German: S&Z-Garn

SEA ISLAND COT TON
is cultivated on the Caribbean islands of the British West Indies. It has a s taple length of more than 50 mm and is harvested exclusively by hand. The production of Sea Island cotton encompasses only 0.0004 % of worldwide cotton production.

SEAMLESS TECHNOLOGY
produces products without seams. This can be achieved by using circular knitting machines, where there has to be a different machine for each size, as the machine produces a tube in the length of the upper body.
German: Seamless-Technologie

SILK
is an animal fiber which can be derived through the processing of a thread spun by the silkworm. The thread can be derived from the cocoon which the silkworm builds in order to protect itself from external threats while transforming into a butterfly. One cocoon consists of up to 800 meters of connected silk thread.
German: Seide

SINGEING
is a f inishing technology only applied to fabrics. The fibers which are standing out are burned off with a controlled flame, resulting in a more even surface and improved robustness.
German: Sengen

SINGLE JERSEY
is a knitted fabric that has a subtle right-left binding. Thus, on the right side of the fabric only right meshes are visible, while on the left side only left meshes are visible. Single jersey has a very fine surface appearance.

SIRO YARN
is a false twine. Two yarns are simply folded. The siro yarn is softer and less expensive than a real twine.
German: Sirogarn

STAPLE LENGTH
is the average fiber length of all the fibers in a sample.
German: Stapellänge

SUPIMA COTTON
is a registered brand. The cotton is essentially Pima cotton which is guaranteed to have been grown and harvested in the US.
German: Supima-Garn

SYNTHET IC FIBERS
Synthetic fibers are pure chemical fibers and artificially spun from synthetic molecules.
German: Synthetische Fasern

T

TACTEL®
TACTEL® is a unique two-layer construction, able to endure maximum strain and guarantee comfort. The inner layer absorbs and transports moisture to the second, outer layer. The outer layer is absorbent, so the moisture stays there until it evaporates.

TENCEL
Tencel is a cellulose fiber which is produced out of natural resources in a chemical process. The production of Tencel is particularly eco-friendly and the fiber is one hundred percent biodegradable. Other advantages of Tencel are the soft drape, noble shine, and the stretchability.

TEX
The yarn count is internationally measured with the unit tex. 1 tex = 1 gram per 1,000 meters of yarn.

TEXTRONIC LACE
Textronic lace is produced by machines by means of the Jacquard process (weave technique). The usage of different yarns is possible. Furthermore, the creation of different motifs is possible by using a raised pattern thread (similar to embroidery).
German: Textronic-Spitze

TULLE EMBROIDERY
patterns are embroidered onto elastic or inelastic tulle by using different embroidery stitches. This form of embroidery is one of the oldest production processes of tulle and is still very popular. A huge range of patterns are possible.
German: Tüllstickerei

TWINE
also called a twisted thread, twist, or twisted yarn. A twine is produced by twisting a minimum of two yarns. The harder the twine is twisted, the smoother and more closed the surface. Advantages of twine include increased robustness, a reduced pilling effect, and a more even structure.
German: Zwirn

V

VISCOSE
is the oldest cellulose fiber and often used as a substitute for the more expensive silk. Therefore, it is also referred to as artificial silk. The fiber consists of up to ninety percent cellulose and is consequently mostly plant based. For the production of the fiber sawdust from beech and spruce is cooked while chemicals are added. Visually, different looks such as cotton, silk, or even linen can be achieved.
German: Viskose

W

WEAVING
is one of the oldest techniques to produce textile fabrics. At least two threads, the weft and the warp, are crossed at r ight angles.
German: Weberei

WOOL
is an animal fiber harvested from the coat of goats and sheep.
German: Wolle

Y

YARN
is an intermediate textile product which is used to produce fabrics. Yarn is a long, thin formation consisting of one or multiple fibers. Depending on the type of f iber and intended characteristics of the yarn, the spinning process of the yarn may vary.
German: Garn

B

BAUMWOLLE
Baumwolle ist eine pflanzliche Naturfaser, die von der Baumwollpflanze gewonnen wird. Die Baumwolle wird nicht roh verarbeitet, sondern zunächst zu Fäden versponnen.

E

ELASTHAN
Elasthan ist eine synthetische Faser, welche anderen Fasern beigemischt wird, um deren Elastizität zu erhöhen. Durch das Beimischen von Elasthanfasern bekommt der Stoff eine langanhaltende Passform, leiert nicht aus und wird sehr anschmiegsam.

F

FEINRIPP
Der Feinripp ist ein Strickerei-Stoff, der eine feine Rechts-rechts-Bindung hat. Das heißt, dass auf beiden Seiten des Stoffes abwechslungsweise eine rechte und eine linke Masche zu erkennen ist. Feinripp weist oft eine hohe Elastizität auf und schmiegt sich daher gut an den Körper an.

G

GEMOLDETE CUPS
Gemoldete BH-Cups werden mit Hilfe von Wärme thermoplastisch vorgeformt und dauerhaft in Büstenform gepresst. Bei gemoldeten Cups gibt es keine störenden Nähte, sodass sie sich nicht unter enger Oberbekleidung abzeichnen.

GUIPURE-STICKEREI
Bei der Guipure-Stickerei (auch Ätz-Stickerei genannt) wird ein Motiv auf einen Grundstoff gestickt (z.B. Baumwolle oder Viskosegarn auf Synthetik). Anschließend wird der Grundstoff aufgelöst. Dabei handelt es sich um eine sehr aufwendige Herstellung, was die Stickerei kostbar und teuer macht. Es ist eine große Vielfalt von Optiken möglich, z.B. Strukturoptik, grafische Muster sowie filigrane und feine Stickereien.

GIZA-BAUMWOLLE
Giza-Baumwolle wird im Niltal in Ägypten angebaut. Hat besonders lange Fasern von 33–38 mm und einen außergewöhnlich feinen Micronairewert. Die Werte zeigen, dass grundsätzlich alle Giza-Qualitäten besonders hochwertige Baumwolle darstellen, dies ist dem idealen Klima für Baumwollanbau rund um das Nildelta zuzuschreiben.

I

INTERLOCK
Interlock ist eine feine, doppelflächige Rundstrick-Ware, die auf beiden Seiten rechte Maschen hat. Interlock hat ein dichtes Maschenbild, eine sehr gute Formstabilität und eine geringere Dehnbarkeit als Feinripp. Daher eignet es sich besonders für Nachtwäsche.

J

JACQUARDTRONIC-SPITZE
Bei der Jacquardtronic handelt es sich um eine Raschel-Spitze. Hergestellt wird die Spitze auf Raschel-Maschinen, welche zusätzlich eine Jacquardvorrichtung haben. Dadurch können viele Varianten von Gründen und Mustern produziert werden.

K

KASCHMIR
Wird von der Kaschmirziege gewonnen und wird als die luxuriöseste Wolle angesehen. Die Ziegen werden nicht geschoren, sondern einmal im Jahr gekämmt. Es wird nur die Unterwolle verwendet, dabei handelt es sich um ein besonders weiches und anschmiegsames Material.

L

LEAVERS-SPITZE
Bei der Leavers-Spitze handelt es sich um eine besonders feine, zarte Spitze. Es werden nur feine Garne verwendet. Die Spitze wird ausschließlich auf alten Webstühlen aus Südfrankreich hergestellt.

LOCHSTICKEREI
Lochstickerei, auch Broderie Anglaise genannt, ist ein Unterbegriff der Madeira-Stickerei. Motive werden auf Baumwollstoffe gestickt, anschließend werden die Löcher ausgestanzt oder ausgebohrt – die entstandenen Löcher sind Bestandteil des Motivs. Zum Schluss werden die Bänder nochmals bestickt. Das Resultat ist eine wunderschöne, edle Optik – die Stickerei wird bei HANRO gerne bei luftig-leichter Nachtwäsche verwendet.

M

MERZERISIERUNG
Merzerisierung ist eine Veredelungstechnik, die bei Baumwollgarnen, Zwirnen und Stoffen angewendet wird. Das Ziel der Merzerisierung ist eine noch glattere und glänzendere Oberfläche und eine erhöhte Festigkeit. Vorgehen: Garne, Zwirne oder ganze Stoffbahnen werden in Natronlauge getränkt und gestreckt, die Baumwollfasern quillen auf, die innere Struktur und auch der Querschnitt der Faser verändern sich. Der Querschnitt wird rund und die Windungen verschwinden. NEXT GENERATION – Soft-Merzerisierung: HANRO entwickelte die erste Maschine weltweit für die Soft-Merzerisierung von Baumwolle. Anhand dieser speziellen Veredlungsart werden die außergewöhnliche Weichheit und der besondere Glanz der hochwertigen HANRO Stoffe erzielt.

MERINOWOLLE
Merinowolle ist die fein gekräuselte Unterwolle des Merinoschafs, welches hauptsächlich in Australien und Neuseeland gezüchtet wird. Es handelt sich hier um eine reine Schurwolle und damit um Wolle der höchsten Güteklasse. Merinowolle ist besonders gut für Wäsche geeignet.

MODAL
Modal ist eine zellulosische Faser, die verwandt mit der Viskosefaser ist. Die Faser wird oft mit Baumwolle, Wolle oder Polyester gemischt. Modal sorgt für eine außergewöhnliche Glätte und Weichheit sowie eine gleichmäßige und glänzende Optik.

N

NATURFASERN
Als Naturfaser werden Fasern bezeichnet, die von Pflanzen oder Tieren gewonnen werden. Man unterscheidet sie daher in pflanzliche und tierische Naturfasern.

P

PIMA-BAUMWOLLE
Pima-Baumwolle ist eine Art von Baumwolle mit extralanger Faserlänge von 35 mm. Daher sind Stoffe aus Pima-Baumwolle besonders weich, beständig und weisen einen geringeren Pilling-Effekt auf als herkömmliche Baumwoll-Produkte.

POLYAMID
Polyamid ist eine synthetische Faser, die sich besonders durch ihre Strapazierfähigkeit auszeichnet. Sie wird oft anderen Fasern wie Baumwolle, Wolle etc. beigemischt. Vorteile, die durch das Beimischen von Polyamid entstehen, sind eine höhere Strapazierfähigkeit und Pflegeleichtigkeit.

POLYESTER
Polyester ist eine synthetische Faser, welche oft anderen Fasern beigemischt und zu Mischgarnen weiterverarbeitet wird. Vorteile durch das Beimischen von Polyesterfasern sind Feinheit und Leichtigkeit.

R

RASCHEL-SPITZE
Die Raschel-Spitze wird auf der Raschel-Maschine hergestellt. Weil das Ergebnis oft eine gröbere Spitze ist, ist sie auch preisgünstiger im Vergleich zu anderen Spitzen.

S

SEA ISLAND BAUMWOLLE
Sea Island Baumwolle wird in den britisch-westindischen Karibikinseln angebaut, weist eine Stapellänge von mehr als 50 mm auf und wird ausschließlich handgepflückt. Die Produktion umfasst nur 0,0004 % der weltweiten Baumwollproduktion.

SEAMLESS-TECHNOLOGIE
Seamless bedeutet saumfrei; also gibt es beim Endprodukt keine störenden Seiten- oder Abschlussnähte. Auf Rundstrickmaschinen wird jeweils ein Schlauch auf Leibhöhe produziert, daher ist für jede Größe eine eigene Maschine notwendig.

SEIDE
Seide ist eine tierische Naturfaser, die durch die Verarbeitung des von den Seidenraupen gesponnenen Seidenfadens hergestellt wird. Die Seidenfäden stammen vom Kokon, welcher von den Seidenraupen gebaut wird, um sich in einen Schmetterling zu verwandeln. Ein fertiger Kokon besteht aus 800 m zusammenhängendem Seidenfaden. Bei HANRO wird die Seide des Echten Spinners, die Maulbeerseide, verwendet. Die Produkte werden aus dem komplett entbasteten Seidenfaden produziert. Die Seide, die HANRO bezieht, wird in Europa hergestellt.

SINGLE-JERSEY
Der Single-Jersey ist ein gestrickter Stoff und hat eine feine Rechts-links-Bindung. Das heißt, auf der rechten Seite des Stoffes sind nur rechte Maschen und auf der linken Seite nur linke Maschen sichtbar. Der Single-Jersey hat eine sehr feine Oberflächenoptik.

SPACER
Spacermaterial ist ein leichtes, atmungsaktives Maschenwerk aus zwei Textilschichten, mit einem winzigen Abstand zwischen den Warenseiten für einen dreidimensionalen Wabeneffekt. Bewirkt eine gute Formstabilität des BH-Cups sowie verbesserten Luftaustausch.

STRICKEREI
Stricken ist das Herstellen textiler Maschengebilde aus Garnen durch Fadenumschlingung, wobei die Maschen einer Reihe nacheinander gebildet werden. HANRO hat eine hauseigene Strickerei, die Produktion der Stoffe erfolgt in Österreich. Um die höchste Qualität an Endprodukten zu liefern, greift HANRO bei Strickereien auf innovative Technologien zurück. Bei der Fully-Fashion-Technologie kommt der Artikel als fertiges Produkt inkl. angestrickter Bundabschlüsse aus der Maschine. Somit ist kein Zuschnitt mehr erforderlich. Endfertigungsdetails wie z.B. beim Träger werden im Anschluss durchgeführt.

SUPIMA-BAUMWOLLE
Supima-Wolle ist Pima-Wolle, bei der zusätzlich garantiert wird, dass die Baumwolle ausschließlich aus den USA kommt. Bis zu 35% länger als gewöhnliche Baumwollfasern. Ergibt ein gleichmäßiges Warenbild mit einem weicheren Griff, eine längere Lebensdauer, eine erhöhte Reißfestigkeit.<br >

T

TENCEL
Tencel ist eine zellulosische Faser, die aus natürlich vorkommenden Rohstoffen chemisch hergestellt wird. Die Herstellung von Tencel ist besonders umweltfreundlich und die Faser ist 100 % biologisch abbaubar. Andere Vorteile von Tencel sind der fließende, geschmeidige Fall sowie die Dehnbarkeit. HANRO bezieht Tencel von der Firma Lenzing AG in Österreich. Tencel ist besonders nachhaltig, da nicht nur bei der Herstellung an sich, sondern auch in der ganzen Produktionskette auf Nachhaltigkeit geachtet wird. Zum Beispiel wird nur Holz aus in Europa nachhaltig bewirtschafteten Wäldern verarbeitet.

TEXTRONIC-SPITZE
Die Textronic-Spitze wird durch maschinelle Fertigung im Jacquard-Prozess (Webtechnik) hergestellt. Für diese Spitze ist die Verwendung unterschiedlicher Garne möglich. Anhand eines erhabenen Musterfadens können verschiedene Motive gelegt werden (ähnlich wie bei der Stickerei).

TÜLLSTICKEREI
Bei der Tüllstickerei werden Motive anhand unterschiedlicher Stickstiche auf elastische oder unelastische Tüllstoffe gestickt, z.B. Schnürlistickerei, Blattstickerei. Sie gehören zu den in der Textilindustrie am längsten eingesetzten Herstellverfahren und sind sehr beliebt. Es sind unterschiedliche Motive möglich. Bei HANRO werden Tüllstickereien gerne für Trend-Kollektionen verwendet.

V

VISKOSE
Viskose ist die älteste zellulosische Faser und wird häufig als Ersatz für den teuren Rohstoff Seide verwendet, daher wird Viskose oft als „Kunstseide“ bezeichnet. Die fertigen Fasern bestehen wie die Baumwolle zu 90 % aus Zellulose und sind somit fast ausschließlich pflanzlich. Sägespäne von Buchen- oder Fichtenholz werden unter Hinzugabe von Chemikalien gekocht, um Zellulose zu gewinnen. In optischer Hinsicht können die Stoffe unterschiedlich gestaltet werden. Sowohl Woll- und Baumwoll- als auch Seiden- und sogar Leinenoptik sind möglich.

W

WEBEREI
Die Weberei ist eine der ältesten Techniken der Herstellung textiler Flächengebilde, bei der mindestens zwei Fadensysteme, die Kette (Kettfaden) und der Schuss (Schussfaden), rechtwinklig verkreuzt werden. Webmaterialien werden bei HANRO vor allem für Herren-Kollektionen verwendet.

WOLLE
Wolle ist eine natürliche, tierische Faser, die von Schafen und Ziegen gewonnen wird. HANRO verwendet Wolle oft als Materialmix, z.B. mit Wolle und Seide. Durch die Verwendung besonders hochwertiger Wolle wie Merino und Kaschmir sind HANRO Produkte aus Wolle weicher und anschmiegsamer als herkömmliche Wollprodukte, außerdem kann das typische „Verfilzen“ von Wolle vermieden werden, da „filzfrei“ ausgerüstete Wolle verwendet wird.

Z

ZELLULOSEFASERN
Zellulosefasern werden aus dem Naturprodukt Holz gewonnen. Zellulose wird aus natürlichen Polymeren zu Spinnmasse umgewandelt und weiter zu Fasern ausgesponnen. Zählen zu den chemischen Fasern, sind aber keine Synthetikfasern. Beispiele: Viskose, Modal und Tencel.

ZWIRNE
Ein Zwirn entsteht durch das Zusammendrehen von mindestens zwei einfachen Garnen. Je stärker die Zwirne gedreht werden, desto glatter und geschlossener wird die textile Fläche. Vorteile von Zwirnen sind die Erhöhung der Reißfestigkeit, ein stärkeres Einbinden der Faser und somit die Minderung des Pilling-Effekts und, dass unregelmäßige Garne gleichmäßiger gemacht werden können.